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Category: Islamic Theology
Comparative theological examination of Islamic claims.
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The Crumbling Narrative of Perfect Quranic Preservation, Codicological Evidence, Historical Criticism, and the Promise-Plan of Divine Revelation
For more than thirteen centuries, Islamic orthodoxy has maintained that the Qurʾān in use today is an exact, letter-for-letter replica of the recitation delivered to Muḥammad between 610 and 632 CE, preserved on an uncreated celestial tablet (al-Lawḥ…
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Historical Scrutiny of Islamic Origins: Narrative Construction, Inlibration, and the Promise-Plan of God
This essay examines the Standard Islamic Narrative of Qurʾānic origins, the life of Muḥammad, and the sacred geography of Mecca under ordinary historical-critical pressure, and then situates the resulting questions within Walter C. Kaiser Jr.’s promise-plan theology.
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The Inlibration Fallacy, Early Islamic Origins, and the Promise-Plan of God: A Biblical-Theological and Historical-Critical Appraisal
This essay evaluates classical Islamic apologetic claims about scriptural immutability, Christology, and early Islamic origins through historicalcritical inquiry and Walter C. Kaiser Jr.’s promise-plan biblical theology.
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The Promise-Plan of God and the Fragility of Inlibration: A Biblical-Theological and Historical-Critical Appraisal of Early Islamic Origins
This essay evaluates core Islamic apologetic claims about scriptural integrity, Christology, and early Islamic origins through historical-critical inquiry and Walter C. Kaiser Jr.’s promise-plan biblical theology. Orthodox Islamic polemics typically rest on inlibration: the Qurʾān as the eternal,…
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Dismantling Islamic Apologetics: A Biblical-Theological and Historical-Critical Guide for Christian Polemics
This essay presents a comprehensive academic framework for Christian polemics against Islamic apologetic assertions, organized under Walter C. Kaiser Jr.’s promise-plan biblical theology.
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Decoding the Syro-Aramaic and Sectarian Christian Roots of the Qurʾān: A Philological, Historical-Critical, and Biblical-Theological Assessment
The Standard Islamic Narrative asserts that the Qurʾān was revealed verbatim in the seventh-century Meccan dialect of the Quraysh, standardized under Caliph ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān, and preserved with letterperfect vocalic uniformity.
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Internal Bridges: Using the Qurʾān to Defend Christ’s Divinity within the Architecture of the Promise-Plan
This essay examines the apologetic method of “internal bridges,” often paired with the so-called Islamic Dilemma, as a text-immanent strategy in contemporary Christian–Muslim encounter.
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The Ashtiname of Muhammad and the Corpus of Prophetic Covenants:
This essay offers a historical-critical, codicological, and biblical theological appraisal of the Ashtiname of Muhammad—the charter of protection traditionally associated with Saint Catherine’s Monastery at Mount Sinai—and of the broader corpus of so-called Prophetic Covenants.
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The “Islamic Dilemma” in Contemporary Christian–Muslim Polemics:
This article examines the “Islamic Dilemma” (also termed the “Quranic Dilemma”) as an internal, text-immanent critique employed in contemporary Christian–Muslim polemics.
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Anselm of Canterbury and the Feudal Logic of Salvation: A Critical Analysis of Satisfaction Theory, Divine Justice, and Biblical Soteriology within the Architecture of the Promise-Plan of God
(2007). Anselm’s satisfaction model marked a decisive shift in Western soteriology, replacing Eastern patristic emphases on ransom and ontological recapitulation with a legal framework shaped by the feudal order. Seeking to answer rational objections from Jewish and Muslim…