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Tag: Second Temple Judaism
Second Temple Jewish historical and interpretive context.
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The Three Pillars of Love and Divine Redemption: Deconstructing “Divine Abuse” through Hebraic Covenantal Soteriology and the Promise-Plan of God
Popular Western homiletics sometimes present an “angry deity” model of atonement—labeled “divine abuse” by Eitan Bar and “cosmic child abuse” by several critics—in which the Father inflicts retributive violence upon an innocent Son in order to satisfy a…
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The Fiscus Judaicus and the Parting of the Ways
Following the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE, Emperor Vespasian instituted the fiscus Judaicus, an annual poll tax of two drachmae (two denarii) levied on Jews throughout the Roman Empire.
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The Two Powers in Heaven and the Deity of Christ
This essay investigates the ontological foundation of Christ’s deity within Hebraic monotheism, drawing on Old Testament text-patterns, Second Temple Jewish literature, apostolic writings, and later rabbinic polemics.
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The Case for the Immaterial Soul: Philosophical Defenses, Canonical Foundations, and Promise-Plan Integration
This essay defends generic, holistic substance dualism—the claim that the human person is an integrated compound of an immaterial soul and a material body—against both contemporary secular physicalism and a post-biblical Hellenistic dualism that devalues physical embodiment.
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Decoding the End: Rapture Timelines, Early Church Testimony, Lexical Protocol, and the Architecture of the Promise-Plan
Modern evangelical eschatology is frequently dominated by popular media, chart-driven dispensationalism, and novelistic franchises that depict a secret, two-phase return of Jesus Christ designed to evacuate believers before a global tribulation.
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The Eternal Jubilee: Isaiah’s Prophetic Blueprint for the Beatitudes within the Promise-Plan of God
This essay locates the Matthean Beatitudes Matt 5 3 12 within their Isaianic and Levitical horizon rather than treating them as an unattainable moral ceiling or a postponed millennial code.
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Decoding the Syro-Aramaic and Sectarian Christian Roots of the Qurʾān: A Philological, Historical-Critical, and Biblical-Theological Assessment
The Standard Islamic Narrative asserts that the Qurʾān was revealed verbatim in the seventh-century Meccan dialect of the Quraysh, standardized under Caliph ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān, and preserved with letterperfect vocalic and consonantal uniformity.
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Why Weekly Monologue Sermons Were Not the Center of New Testament Assemblies
Modern Western Christianity often treats the weekly, uninterruptible monologue sermon as the primary and divinely ordained vehicle of congregational instruction. Historical, lexical, and contextual evidence does not support that assumption as a description of apostolic practice.
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Theological Anthropology and Human Cultural Identity
This essay constructs a theological account of human cultural identity—operationalized across vocation, race and ethnicity, and disability—by reading Joshua R. Farris’s treatment of culture in
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The Syro-Aramaic Subtext and Philological Architecture of the Qurʾān
This essay offers a historical-critical and biblical-theological assessment of the Qurʾān’s linguistic, intertextual, and manuscript profile. Classical Islamic orthodoxy presents the text as a verbatim Arabic dictation, preserved letter-perfect from a heavenly tablet.