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Category: Studies
Topical biblical theology, apologetics, Christology, history, and ethics.
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The Three Pillars of Love and Divine Redemption: Deconstructing “Divine Abuse” through Hebraic Covenantal Soteriology and the Promise-Plan of God
Popular Western homiletics sometimes present an “angry deity” model of atonement—labeled “divine abuse” by Eitan Bar and “cosmic child abuse” by several critics—in which the Father inflicts retributive violence upon an innocent Son in order to satisfy a…
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The Fiscus Judaicus and the Parting of the Ways
Following the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE, Emperor Vespasian instituted the fiscus Judaicus, an annual poll tax of two drachmae (two denarii) levied on Jews throughout the Roman Empire.
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Faith Amidst Doubt
Contemporary religious discourse often oscillates between two unsustainable extremes: a post-Enlightenment positivism that demands mathematical certainty before assent, and a postmodern subjectivism that reduces transcendent claims to preference.
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Exodus 3: An Exegetical and Biblical-Theological Commentary
Exodus 3 constitutes one of the most critical redemptive-historical junctures in the Old Testament canon, marking the definitive transition of Yahweh’s covenantal trajectory from the patriarchal family to the national redemption of Israel.
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The Two Powers in Heaven and the Deity of Christ
This essay investigates the ontological foundation of Christ’s deity within Hebraic monotheism, drawing on Old Testament text-patterns, Second Temple Jewish literature, apostolic writings, and later rabbinic polemics.
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The Case for the Immaterial Soul: Philosophical Defenses, Canonical Foundations, and Promise-Plan Integration
This essay defends generic, holistic substance dualism—the claim that the human person is an integrated compound of an immaterial soul and a material body—against both contemporary secular physicalism and a post-biblical Hellenistic dualism that devalues physical embodiment.
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Decoding the End: Rapture Timelines, Early Church Testimony, Lexical Protocol, and the Architecture of the Promise-Plan
Modern evangelical eschatology is frequently dominated by popular media, chart-driven dispensationalism, and novelistic franchises that depict a secret, two-phase return of Jesus Christ designed to evacuate believers before a global tribulation.
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Exodus 2: An Exegetical and Biblical-Theological Commentary
Exodus 2 marks a critical transition in the organic unfolding of God’s redemptive promise-plan. Following the compounding cosmic fractures of Eden, the Watchers, and Babel, Yahweh initiated His restorative agenda by electing Abraham, pledging land, seed, and global…
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Why Weekly Monologue Sermons Were Not the Center of New Testament Assemblies
Modern Western Christianity often treats the weekly, uninterruptible monologue sermon as the primary and divinely ordained vehicle of congregational instruction. Historical, lexical, and contextual evidence does not support that assumption as a description of apostolic practice.
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Theological Anthropology and Human Cultural Identity
This essay constructs a theological account of human cultural identity—operationalized across vocation, race and ethnicity, and disability—by reading Joshua R. Farris’s treatment of culture in